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About the Dobermann

Origin: Germany
Typical life span
10-12 years
Size
Large — from its typical weight
Weight
Male
34-45 kg
Female
27-41 kg
Height
Male
66-71 cm
Female
61-66 cm
FCI status
Reconhecida pela FCI
FCI group
Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid and Swiss Mountain and Cattledogs
Origin
Germany

About

What is a Dobermann?

Medium-large, sleek, athletic and powerful dog known for exceptional loyalty and intelligence. This elegant working breed combines strength with agility and has a confident, alert demeanor.

Dobermann history and origins

Created in late 19th century by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann using breeds such as the Rottweiler, German Pinscher, and others for protection and companionship

Dobermann appearance and size

Males typically weigh 34-45 kg and stand 66-71 cm at the shoulder; females 27-41 kg and 61-66 cm.

O que diz o padrão da raça

Criado para
Companion, protection and working dog
Comportamento e temperamento
The disposition of the Dobermann is friendly and calm; very devoted to the family. Medium temperament and medium sharpness (alertness) is desired. A medium threshold of irritation is required with a good contact to the owner. Easy to train, the Dobermann enjoys working, and shall have good working ability, courage, and hardness. The particular values of self-confidence and intrepidness are required, and also adaptability and attention to fit the social environment

Quoted from FCI standard n°143. It describes the breed the registry recognises, not any individual animal.

Referência da raça de The Dog API.

Características

Tamanho
Large
Necessidade de exercício
Facilidade de treino
Queda de pelo
1 of 5
Cuidados com o pelo
2 of 5
Convivência com crianças
Custo de manutenção
Tolera ficar sozinho
Inteligência

Pros & cons

Prós e contras da raça Dobermann

O que ganha com a raça Dobermann

  • Função declarada no padrão: «Companion, protection and working dog»
  • O padrão descreve a raça assim: «The disposition of the Dobermann is friendly and calm»
  • Exige poucos cuidados com o pelo, adequado a quem tem pouco tempo — o pelo é «The hair is short, hard and dense»

O que tem de assumir

  • Estão documentadas 3 doenças hereditárias graves, sobretudo em coração e circulação e ossos e articulações. O separador do guia de saúde tem o exame a pedir para cada uma.

Retirado de fontes e não escrito como opinião — investigação de saúde citada, o padrão do próprio registo, e estudos de longevidade revistos por pares. Padrão da raça, FCI; European Society of Veterinary Cardiology screening guidelines for DCM in Doberman Pinschers (PubMed). Os animais de um criador podem diferir de tudo isto, e uma coluna vazia significa que não temos nada desse lado, não que não haja nada a dizer.

Characteristics

Padrão da FCI · Dobermann

Pelo e cor

Tal como o padrão da FCI o estabelece. Cada linha abaixo está nas palavras do próprio padrão.

Coat

The hair is short, hard and dense.

It lies tight and smooth and is equally distributed over the whole surface.

Undercoat is not allowed

Cor

  • Preferred
  • Permissible
  • Undesirable
  • Disqualifying

«Preferred», «permissible», «undesirable» e «disqualifying» — preferida, admissível, indesejável e desqualificante — são as palavras da própria FCI sobre a raça, e ficam em inglês porque é assim que constam do padrão. Descrevem o que o padrão exige — não são uma avaliação de nenhum cão em concreto, nem nossa.

  • black or brown with rust red, clearly defined and clear markings (tan markings).
  • Tan markings are on the muzzle as a spot on the cheeks and the top of the eyebrow
  • on the throat
  • two spots on the forechest
  • on the metacarpus, metatarsus and feet
  • on the inner side of the hind thigh
  • on the forearms and under the tail

Resumido de FCI standard n°143 — cada etiqueta está nas palavras do próprio padrão, com o veredito passado para a etiqueta ao lado. Leia a cláusula completa na fonte.

O que diz o padrão da raça

Tamanho
Height at the withers: Males: 68 – 72 cm. Females: 63 – 68 cm. Medium size desirable. Weight: Males: about 40 – 45 kg. Females: about 32 – 35 kg
A FCI distingue um ideal daquilo que é permitido.

Quoted from FCI standard n°143. It describes the breed the registry recognises, not any individual animal.

O que o padrão penaliza

Aquilo que faz um juiz descontar pontos à raça Dobermann, e o que a põe fora do ring, nas palavras do próprio registo. Isto descreve o padrão da raça — não é uma lista de verificação para o animal que tem à frente, e um animal de companhia com um defeito desqualificante é um cão que não pode ir a exposição, não um cão doente.

Defeitos desqualificantes

Põem o animal fora do ring por completo.

  • Yellow eyes (bird of prey eye); different coloured eyes.
  • Overshot; level bite; undershot; missing teeth according to the formula.
  • White spots. Visible undercoat.
  • Dogs which deviate more than 2 cm over or under the standard

FCI standard n°143

FCI varieties

FCI divides the Dobermann into these varieties, listed in the registry's own words. Depending on the breed they separate colour, coat, size or line — they are not a full list of colours, which no registry we hold publishes. Ask a breeder which variety their line is.

  • BLACK WITH RUST RED CLEARLY DEFINED AND CLEAN MARKINGS
  • BROWN WITH RUST RED CLEARLY DEFINED AND CLEAN MARKINGS

Informação ao nível da raça, de The Dog API. Descreve a raça Dobermann em geral; qualquer animal em concreto pode ser diferente.

Health guide

Health & screening guide for the Dobermann

Riscos hereditários conhecidos na raça Dobermann, e a documentação específica a pedir a qualquer criador antes de pagar um sinal. Um criador responsável tem esta documentação à mão; desviar a conversa é um mau indício.

5 doenças documentadas

Health checklist (PDF)

Heart & circulation

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Serious

The leading cause of death in the breed: the heart muscle weakens and enlarges, eventually causing heart failure or a sudden fatal arrhythmia. Onset is typically in mid-to-late adulthood, and the early, symptomless phase can only be caught by active screening — not by looking at the dog.

O que pedir

An echocardiogram (Simpson's method of discs) plus a 24-hour Holter ECG, repeated annually from age 3, read by a veterinary cardiologist, on both parents — the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology's published Dobermann protocol. Two commercial DNA markers (DCM1/PDK4, DCM2/TTN) are sold as risk tests, but their predictive value is disputed: US research found dogs carrying both variants develop DCM at a higher rate but with incomplete penetrance, while a 2024 UK study found no association between these markers and DCM in European-bred Dobermanns. A DNA panel is not a substitute for the echocardiogram and Holter.

3 sources

Immune system

Autoimmune (lymphocytic) thyroiditis / hypothyroidism

Monitor

The immune system attacks the thyroid gland, gradually leaving the dog unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. It is progressive and will not resolve on its own, but is usually well managed for life with a daily tablet once diagnosed.

O que pedir

An OFA thyroid panel (T4, TSH and thyroglobulin autoantibodies) from an approved laboratory, repeated annually, on both parents.

2 sources

Bones & joints

Cervical spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler syndrome)

Serious

Compression of the spinal cord in the neck, causing an unsteady, wobbling gait that can progress to weakness or paralysis in middle-aged dogs. The parent club describes it as suspected to be inherited, but no mode of inheritance is established.

O que pedir

No genetic test or breeding screen exists. A diagnosis in a symptomatic dog is made by MRI or myelography of the cervical spine, read by a veterinary specialist — ask the breeder whether the condition has occurred in the dog's close relatives.

2 sources

Hip dysplasia

Monitor

Malformation of the hip joint that can progress to arthritis, pain and lameness. The parent club lists it among the breed's inherited orthopaedic conditions and requires it to be screened before breeding.

O que pedir

A hip evaluation via OFA or the BVA/KC hip scheme, on both parents.

2 sources

Blood

Von Willebrand disease Type I

Serious

An inherited bleeding disorder caused by low von Willebrand factor, which can turn routine surgery, whelping or an injury into a serious or fatal haemorrhage. Carrier status is unusually common in this breed.

O que pedir

A DNA test for von Willebrand disease Type I (vWD1), on both parents, from a laboratory such as UC Davis VGL, Laboklin or Embark. This has replaced the older ELISA antigen blood test, which the parent club notes is unreliable around illness, vaccination, heat or stress.

2 sources

Quanto tempo vive a raça Dobermann, nos registos

Sobrevivência mediana de 11,2 anos

Intervalo de confiança a 95% de 11,0–11,5 anos, a partir de 1623 mortes registadas entre 3531 cães

Risco de mortalidade de 1.14 (1.08, 1.2) em relação a cães de raça indeterminada, cuja mediana é de 12,0 anos.

Medido no Reino Unido a partir de 584 734 cães. A sobrevivência mediana não é uma previsão para um cão em concreto.

McMillan, K.M., Bielby, J., Williams, C.L., Upjohn, M.M., Casey, R.A. & Christley, R.M. (2024) Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14, 531.

Puppies

No puppies listed right now

That is not the same as none existing. Publishing a litter is part of a breeder's subscription here, so a Dobermann breeder can have a litter and no listing — ask them directly.

See Dobermann breeders
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