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About the Poodle

Origin: France
Typical life span
10-18 years
Size
Medium — from its typical weight
Weight
Male
20-32 kg
Female
18-27 kg
Height
45-61 cm
FCI status
Reconocida por la FCI
FCI group
Companion and Toy Dogs
Origin
France
Also called
Caniche
Known hereditary risks
11 documented conditions, with the test for each

About

What is a Poodle?

An exceptionally intelligent, proud, and elegant dog with athletic bearing and curly hypoallergenic coat. Originally bred as a water retriever, this athletic breed excels as a companion and in various dog sports.

Poodle history and origins

Originated in Germany as a water retrieving dog, with name derived from German 'pudelin' meaning 'to splash in the water.' Later standardized and refined in France where it became a popular companion. One of the oldest hunting dogs recognized globally for intelligence and versatility.

Poodle appearance and size

Males typically weigh 20-32 kg and females 18-27 kg.

Lo que dice el estándar de la raza

Criado para
Companion dog
Comportamiento y temperamento
“A dog renowned for its loyalty, capable of learning and being trained thus making it a particularly pleasant companion dog”

Quoted from FCI standard n°172. It describes the breed the registry recognises, not any individual animal.

Referencia de la raza de The Dog API.

Características

Tamaño
Medium
Necesidad de ejercicio
2 of 5
Facilidad de adiestramiento
—
Caída de pelo
—
Cuidados del pelo
4 of 5
Convivencia con niños
—
Coste de mantenimiento
—
Tolera quedarse solo
—
Inteligencia
—
Salud de la raza
11 conditions documented

Pros & cons

Pros y contras de la raza Poodle

Lo que obtienes con la raza Poodle

  • Función declarada en el estándar: «Companion dog»
  • El estándar describe la raza así: «A dog renowned for its loyalty, capable of learning and being trained thus making it a particularly pleasant companion…»
  • Vive más que un perro mestizo — mediana de 14 años en 6368 animales, frente a 12

Lo que asumes

  • Están documentadas 8 enfermedades hereditarias graves, sobre todo en huesos y articulaciones y cerebro y nervios. La pestaña de la guía de salud tiene la prueba que hay que pedir en cada una.
  • Exige muchos cuidados del pelo — la descripción del propio estándar es «Profuse of fine, woolly texture, very frizzy, elastic and resistant to pressure of the…»

Extraído de fuentes y no escrito como opinión — investigación de salud citada, el estándar del propio registro, y estudios de longevidad revisados por pares. Estándar de la raza, FCI; McMillan et al. 2024, median age at death; Poodle Club of America Foundation / OFA CHIC screening protocol. Los animales de un criador pueden diferir de todo esto, y una columna vacía significa que no tenemos nada de ese lado, no que no haya nada que decir.

Characteristics

Estándar de la FCI · Poodle

Pelo y color

Tal como lo establece el estándar de la FCI. Cada línea de abajo está en las palabras del propio estándar, etiquetada con undesirable.

Coat

Curly Coat: Profuse of fine, woolly texture, very frizzy, elastic and resistant to pressure of the hand.

It should be thick, well furnished, of equal length and form even curls.

Corded Coat: Profuse of fine, woolly texture and dense, forming characteristic cords which should measure at least 20 cm

Color

  • Preferred
  • Permissible
  • Undesirable
  • Disqualifying

«Preferred», «permissible», «undesirable» y «disqualifying» — preferido, admisible, indeseable y descalificante — son las palabras de la propia FCI sobre la raza, y quedan en inglés porque así constan en el estándar. Describen lo que el estándar pide — no son una valoración de ningún perro concreto, ni nuestra.

Solid colours

Color de base

Black, white, brown

  • Brown should be deep, rather dark, uniform and warm.
  • Undesirable: Any white marking in black and brown coats
  • Grey, fawn Beige and its paler derivatives
  • Grey must be uniform, deep, neither blackish nor whitish, but depending on age may present some shades of grey.
  • Fawn must be uniform.
  • Can go from pale fawn to red fawn or even be orange fawn (apricot).
  • Eyelids, nose, lips, gums, palate, natural orifices, scrotum and pads are well pigmented.
  • For light fawn subjects, all pigmentation should be as dark as possible.
  • Undesirable: Any white marking in grey and fawn coats
  • Other colours: Parti-coloured dogs, two colours Predominance of white colour, with the other being distributed irregularly: Black and white.
  • Blue/grey and white.
  • Fawn and white.
  • Brown and white.
  • (Some patches can appear on the white parts on the legs or the body, but they are not sought after) Predominance of a clear colour with white parts on the legs, forechest and sometimes a mask on the muzzle and/or tip of the tail (dogs with mantle, tuxedo) Brown coloured back Black coloured back Dogs with fawn coat colour: (predominance of one colour, with clearly defined fawn markings of a clear fawn colour): Brown with fawn markings Black with fawn markings Mandatory fawn markings: • above each eye • on the cheeks and inside the ears • on the side of the muzzle • at the end of each limb and inside • on the chest, around the scrotum in males and around the vulva in females Fawn markings should not be charcoal or too pale.
  • Undesirable: Any white marking
  • Tricoloured: Black, white and marked with fawn.
  • Fawn markings present at least on the eyebrows and around the scrotum in males and on the vulva in females.
  • Other pluricoloured dogs: Brindle and white Brindle

Variedades de la FCI

La FCI lista 4 variedades de Poodle — Standard, Medium size, Miniature, Toy — y reconoce cada una de ellas en todos los 3 colores: Other colours, Brown Black White, Grey Fawn.

Medido a los 15+ meses · Height at the withers (cm)

Clasificación de tamaño

Height at the withers. The sexual dimorphism must be clearly visible in all varieties, but FCI states one range per variety rather than one per sex.

202530354045505560
  • Standard45–60 Over 45 cm up to 60 cm with a tolerance of +2 cm
  • Medium35–45 Over 35 cm up to 45 cm
  • Miniature28–35 Over 28 cm up to 35 cm
  • Toy24–28 Over 24 cm (with a tolerance of -1cm) up to 28 cm (sought after ideal: 25 cm)

One range per size, for both sexes.

Height at the withers in cm. Transcribed from FCI standard n°172, read 2026-08-31.

Resumido de FCI standard n°172 — cada etiqueta está en las palabras del propio estándar, con el veredicto pasado a la etiqueta de al lado. Lee la cláusula completa en la fuente.

Lo que el estándar penaliza

Aquello por lo que un juez resta puntos a la raza Poodle, y lo que la deja fuera del ring, en las palabras del propio registro. Esto describe el estándar de la raza — no es una lista de comprobación para el animal que tienes delante, y un animal de compañía con un defecto descalificante es un perro que no puede ir a exposición, no un perro enfermo.

Defectos graves

Cuentan mucho en contra de un ejemplar en el ring.

  • Eyes: too big and too round, or sunken, not dark enough.
  • Ears: too short (not reaching the corner of the lips).
  • Snipey or pointed muzzle.
  • Convex muzzle.
  • Roach or sway back.
  • Tail set on too low.
  • Croup falling away.
  • Rear angulations too straight or over-angulated.
  • Flowing or extended gait. Sparse, soft or wire hair. Subjects with solid coloured coat: undefined or not solid colour. Partially depigmented nose.
  • Absence of 2 PM2

FCI standard n°172

Información a nivel de raza, de The Dog API. Describe la raza Poodle en general; cualquier animal concreto puede ser distinto.

Health guide

Health & screening guide for the Poodle

Riesgos hereditarios conocidos en la raza Poodle, y la documentación concreta que hay que pedir a cualquier criador antes de pagar una señal. Un criador responsable tiene esta documentación a mano; esquivar la pregunta es mala señal.

11 enfermedades documentadas

Health checklist (PDF)

Bones & joints

Hip dysplasia

Serious

Malformation of the hip joint that lets the femoral head sit loosely in its socket, leading to wear, arthritis and pain. Chiefly assessed in the STANDARD and MINIATURE varieties; the Toy variety's CHIC protocol does not require it.

Qué pedir

An OFA (or PennHIP) hip evaluation on both parents, registered with OFA

2 sources

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Serious

The head of the femur loses its blood supply and breaks down in young, small dogs, causing pain and lameness that usually needs surgical correction. Reported in the TOY and MINIATURE varieties, typically between four months and a year of age.

Qué pedir

An OFA Legg-Calvé-Perthes evaluation on both parents

1 source

Osteochondrodysplasia (Miniature Poodle dwarfism)

Serious

A deforming, crippling skeletal disorder producing stunted growth, bowed limbs and enlarged joints, visible from about three weeks of age. Specific to the MINIATURE Poodle; an estimated one in ten Miniatures carries the mutation.

Qué pedir

A DNA test for the SLC13A1 deletion (osteochondrodysplasia) from an OFA-listed laboratory on both parents

2 sources

Chondrodystrophy-linked intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)

Serious

A raised risk of premature disc degeneration and disc herniation from the FGF4 retrogene insertion (CDDY) also implicated in Dachshunds. Testing-lab data show it at very different frequencies by variety: roughly 9% of Standard Poodles carry it against roughly 60% of Miniature and Toy Poodles, so the practical risk is materially higher in the smaller varieties.

Qué pedir

A CDDY/IVDD-risk DNA test on both parents

2 sources

Brain & nerves

Neonatal encephalopathy with seizures (NEwS)

Serious

A fatal inherited brain disorder: affected puppies are weak at birth, develop tremor and severe seizures by four to six weeks, and none survive past seven weeks. Reported specifically in the STANDARD Poodle; about a third of Standard Poodles tested carry one copy.

Qué pedir

A DNA test for the ATF2 mutation from an OFA-listed laboratory on both parents

2 sources

Eyes

Progressive retinal atrophy (prcd-PRA)

Serious

An inherited, blinding degeneration of the retina's rod and cone cells; night vision fails first, then daytime vision, usually diagnosed around age three with no treatment. This is the TOY and MINIATURE Poodle's CHIC-required eye test; it is not a Standard Poodle CHIC requirement.

Qué pedir

A prcd-PRA DNA test from an OFA-approved laboratory on both parents, plus a current annual ACVO ophthalmologist eye exam

2 sources

Immune system

Hormones & metabolism

Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease)

Serious

Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex, causing loss of the hormones that regulate salt balance and stress response; untreated, an adrenal crisis can be fatal, and lifelong medication is needed once diagnosed. Reported specifically in the STANDARD Poodle, where it is estimated to be highly heritable.

Qué pedir

No DNA test exists; the causal genes have not been identified. Ask whether Addison's disease has occurred in the sire's or dam's parents, full siblings or previous offspring, and request the OFA Thyroid or cardiac elective result the breeder has on file (one of the three CHIC health-elective options for this variety)

2 sources

Blood

Von Willebrand disease Type I

Monitor

A mild-to-moderate inherited bleeding disorder from low von Willebrand clotting factor; many carriers show no signs, but affected dogs can bleed excessively after injury or surgery. The DNA test is validated across all three Poodle varieties, though the Standard Poodle's parent club specifically recommends it as a breeding elective.

Qué pedir

A vWD Type I DNA test from an OFA-listed laboratory on both parents

2 sources

Digestion & liver

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat)

Serious

The stomach fills with gas and twists on itself, cutting off its own blood supply; without emergency surgery it is fatal within hours. The Standard Poodle is one of the deep-chested breeds named at elevated risk, and a first-degree relative's history of the condition raises an individual dog's own risk.

Qué pedir

No DNA test exists. Ask whether the sire or dam has had a prophylactic gastropexy, and whether gastric dilatation-volvulus has occurred in the litter's close relatives

1 source

Cuánto vive la raza Poodle, en los registros

Supervivencia mediana de 14,0 años

Intervalo de confianza al 95% de 13,8–14,1 años, a partir de 2399 muertes registradas entre 6368 perros

Riesgo de mortalidad de 0.64 (0.61, 0.67) respecto a perros mestizos, cuya mediana es de 12,0 años.

Medido en el Reino Unido a partir de 584.734 perros. La supervivencia mediana no es una predicción para un perro concreto.

McMillan, K.M., Bielby, J., Williams, C.L., Upjohn, M.M., Casey, R.A. & Christley, R.M. (2024) Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14, 531.

Gallery

Todavía sin fotografías

Aquí es donde irán las fotografías de los propios dueños de Poodle, desde los perfiles de sus animales que mantienen aquí. Nadie ha añadido ninguna a una página pública todavía.

Una fotografía en un perfil de animal queda privada de su dueño. No pondremos ninguna aquí a menos que nos lo pidan.

Puppies

No puppies listed right now

No Poodle breeder has a record on this platform yet, so there is nothing to list. That is a gap in our coverage, not a fact about the breed.

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