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About the French Bulldog

Origin: France
Typical life span
10-12 years
Size
Medium — from its typical weight
Weight
7-13 kg
Height
28-33 cm
FCI status
Reconhecida pela FCI
FCI group
Companion and Toy Dogs
Origin
France
Also called
Bulldog Frances
Known hereditary risks
6 documented conditions, with the test for each

About

What is a French Bulldog?

Small, compact muscular companion dog known for its distinctive large bat-like ears, flat smooshed face, and short smooth coat. Originally developed as a beloved companion breed with a playful, alert disposition.

French Bulldog history and origins

Developed in 19th century France when English lacemakers brought Toy Bulldogs to France and crossed them with local French ratters becoming highly fashionable in Parisian society

French Bulldog appearance and size

Typically 7-13 kg and 28-33 cm at the shoulder — published as one range rather than separately for males and females.

O que diz o padrão da raça

Criado para
Companion and Toy dog
Comportamento e temperamento
“Sociable, lively, playful, possessive, and keen companion dog”

Quoted from FCI standard n°101. It describes the breed the registry recognises, not any individual animal.

Referência da raça de The Dog API.

Características

Tamanho
Medium
Necessidade de exercício
2 of 5
Facilidade de treino
—
Queda de pelo
1 of 5
Cuidados com o pelo
—
Convivência com crianças
—
Custo de manutenção
—
Tolera ficar sozinho
—
Inteligência
—
Saúde da raça
6 conditions documented

Pros & cons

Prós e contras da raça French Bulldog

O que ganha com a raça French Bulldog

  • Função declarada no padrão: «Companion and Toy dog»
  • O padrão descreve a raça assim: «Sociable, lively, playful, possessive, and keen companion dog»

O que tem de assumir

  • Estão documentadas 4 doenças hereditárias graves, sobretudo em ossos e articulações e olhos. O separador do guia de saúde tem o exame a pedir para cada uma.
  • Vive menos tempo do que um cão de raça indeterminada — mediana de 9.8 anos em 11853 animais, contra 12

Retirado de fontes e não escrito como opinião — investigação de saúde citada, o padrão do próprio registo, e estudos de longevidade revistos por pares. Padrão da raça, FCI; RVC VetCompass - French Bulldogs differ to other dogs in the UK in propensity for many common disorders (O'Neill et al.); McMillan et al. 2024, median age at death. Os animais de um criador podem diferir de tudo isto, e uma coluna vazia significa que não temos nada desse lado, não que não haja nada a dizer.

Characteristics

Padrão da FCI · French Bulldog

Pelo e cor

Tal como o padrão da FCI o estabelece. Cada linha abaixo está nas palavras do próprio padrão, etiquetada com preferred e permissible.

Coat

  • Smooth coat
  • Close
  • Glossy and soft
  • Without undercoat

Cor

  • Preferred
  • Permissible
  • Undesirable
  • Disqualifying

«Preferred», «permissible», «undesirable» e «disqualifying» — preferida, admissível, indesejável e desqualificante — são as palavras da própria FCI sobre a raça, e ficam em inglês porque é assim que constam do padrão. Descrevem o que o padrão exige — não são uma avaliação de nenhum cão em concreto, nem nossa.

Cor de base

fawn, brindled or not, with or without white spotting

  • Coat with colouring: Brindle: Fawn coat moderately characterized by transversal dark brindling creating a ‘tiger-marked’ effect, strongly brindled coats must not cover out the fawn ground colour.
  • A black mask may be present.
  • Limited white spotting is admissible.
  • Preferred: Fawn: Solid coat, from light fawn to dark fawn, sometimes presenting a paler colouring of the inclined parts, with or without a black mask, although masked subjects
  • Sometimes accompanied by limited white spotting.
  • Coat with white spotting: Brindled with moderate or important white spotting: So-called ‘pied’, the spotting being ideally distributed over the entire subject.
  • Some blotches on the skin are admissible.
  • Fawn with moderate or important white spotting: So-called ‘fawn and white’, the spotting being ideally distributed over the entire dog.
  • Permissible: Some blotches of the skin
  • The nose is always black, in all coat colours, never brown or blue.
  • The all-white subjects provided the edge of eyelids and nose are black – but not bred for, because of a risk of deafness

Resumido de FCI standard n°101 — cada etiqueta está nas palavras do próprio padrão, com o veredito passado para a etiqueta ao lado. Leia a cláusula completa na fonte.

O que o padrão penaliza

Aquilo que faz um juiz descontar pontos à raça French Bulldog, e o que a põe fora do ring, nas palavras do próprio registo. Isto descreve o padrão da raça — não é uma lista de verificação para o animal que tem à frente, e um animal de companhia com um defeito desqualificante é um cão que não pode ir a exposição, não um cão doente.

Defeitos graves

Contam fortemente contra um exemplar no ring.

  • Muzzle too long or excessively short.
  • Tongue visible when mouth is closed.
  • Light eyes (hawk eye).
  • Excessive depigmentation of the lips, nose, eyelids, the rim of which should never be entirely depigmented.
  • Pincer bite.
  • Arch back (camel back)

Defeitos desqualificantes

Põem o animal fora do ring por completo.

  • Lacks type: insufficient ethnic characteristics which result in the dog not really resembling other subjects of the breed.
  • Completely closed nostrils.
  • Torsion or lateral deviation of the jaw, resulting in the tongue constantly being visible.
  • Dog with lower incisors articulating behind upper incisors.
  • Dog with permanently visible canines (fangs), mouth being closed.
  • Heterochrome eyes (wall eye).
  • Colour of nose other than black.
  • Ears not carried erect.
  • Taillessness or ingrown tail.
  • Dewclaw on hindquarters.
  • Reversed hock.
  • Long, wired-haired or woolly coat.
  • Colour not in accordance with what is prescribed in the standard, namely black, black with fawn markings (black and tan) and all dilutions of black with or without white spotting.
  • Size and weight outside the standard limits.
  • Respiratory distress.
  • Deafness

FCI standard n°101

FCI varieties

FCI divides the French Bulldog into these varieties, listed in the registry's own words. Depending on the breed they separate colour, coat, size or line — they are not a full list of colours, which no registry we hold publishes. Ask a breeder which variety their line is.

  • BRINDLED
  • FAWN
  • BRINDLED WITH MEDIUM OR PREDOMINANT WHITE PATCHING (PIED)
  • FAWN WITH MEDIUM OR PREDOMINANT WHITE PATCHING (FAWN AND WHITE)

Informação ao nível da raça, de The Dog API. Descreve a raça French Bulldog em geral; qualquer animal em concreto pode ser diferente.

Health guide

Health & screening guide for the French Bulldog

Riscos hereditários conhecidos na raça French Bulldog, e a documentação específica a pedir a qualquer criador antes de pagar um sinal. Um criador responsável tem esta documentação à mão; desviar a conversa é um mau indício.

6 doenças documentadas

Health checklist (PDF)

Bones & joints

Vertebral malformation (hemivertebrae) and intervertebral disc disease

SeriousInerente à raça

The gene(s) that produce the breed's screw (kinked) tail also cause malformed, wedge-shaped vertebrae elsewhere in the spine, most often in the chest. This can destabilise the spine and compress the spinal cord, causing pain, incoordination or hind-limb paralysis. Radiographic hemivertebrae have been found in up to 94% of French Bulldogs, including many with no clinical signs, and the resulting spinal instability is linked to later disc herniation.

O que pedir

There is no blood or DNA test. Ask whether the parents have had spinal radiographs (or MRI, if surgery was ever considered) and what the finding was.

2 sources

Patellar luxation

Monitor

The kneecap slips out of its groove, causing intermittent skipping or lameness. The same RVC VetCompass study found French Bulldogs at increased risk relative to other dogs, and a patella exam is part of the breed's recommended OFA/CHIC panel.

O que pedir

OFA (or equivalent vet) patellar luxation examination, graded 0-4, on both parents.

2 sources

Eyes

Corneal ulceration (exposure-related)

MonitorInerente à raça

Prominent, shallow-set eyes leave more of the cornea exposed and reduce corneal sensation, so minor irritation is more likely to progress to an ulcer. The same RVC VetCompass study that examined BOAS also found French Bulldogs at increased risk of eye ulcers compared with other dogs.

O que pedir

No genetic test exists. Ask whether either parent has a history of recurrent eye ulcers, and check the annual ophthalmic exam record if one exists.

1 source

Juvenile hereditary cataracts (HSF4)

Serious

An early-onset, autosomal recessive cataract that starts before one year old and can progress to blindness by two to three years of age. Screening for it is one of the tests the parent club recommends for a CHIC number in the breed.

O que pedir

DNA test for the HSF4 mutation on both parents (reported on OFA as CATARACTS (CAT): HSF4-1), alongside an annual ACVO ophthalmologist exam.

2 sources

Breathing

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)

SeriousInerente à raça

The shortened muzzle packs a normal amount of soft tissue into a much smaller airway, obstructing airflow. It shows as noisy breathing, snoring and poor heat tolerance, and can worsen with age or weight gain; severely affected dogs need surgery to breathe adequately. A VetCompass study of over 2,700 French Bulldogs found the breed 30.9 times more likely than other dogs to be diagnosed with BOAS, and 42 times more likely to have narrowed nostrils (stenotic nares).

O que pedir

The Kennel Club/University of Cambridge Respiratory Function Grading Scheme (RFGS) result (grade 0-3) on both parents, performed by an accredited assessor.

2 sources

Birth & whelping

Dystocia (difficult birth) requiring caesarean delivery

SeriousInerente à raça

The breed's narrow pelvis and the puppies' relatively large heads make natural whelping difficult and risky for the dam. An RVC VetCompass study found French Bulldog bitches 15.9 times more likely to suffer dystocia than crossbred bitches, and a large share of litters are delivered by planned caesarean rather than naturally.

O que pedir

No laboratory test exists. Ask the breeder for the dam's whelping history (natural versus caesarean) and whether a vet was involved in planning the birth.

1 source

Quanto tempo vive a raça French Bulldog, nos registos

Sobrevivência mediana de 9,8 anos

Intervalo de confiança a 95% de 9,4–10,1 anos, a partir de 2495 mortes registadas entre 11 853 cães

Risco de mortalidade de 2.22 (2.13, 2.31) em relação a cães de raça indeterminada, cuja mediana é de 12,0 anos.

Medido no Reino Unido a partir de 584 734 cães. A sobrevivência mediana não é uma previsão para um cão em concreto.

McMillan, K.M., Bielby, J., Williams, C.L., Upjohn, M.M., Casey, R.A. & Christley, R.M. (2024) Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14, 531.

Gallery

Ainda sem fotografias

É aqui que vão aparecer as fotografias dos próprios donos de French Bulldog, a partir dos perfis dos animais que mantêm aqui. Ninguém acrescentou ainda nenhuma a uma página pública.

Uma fotografia num perfil de animal fica privada do seu dono. Não colocamos nenhuma aqui sem que nos peçam.

Puppies

No puppies listed right now

No French Bulldog breeder has a record on this platform yet, so there is nothing to list. That is a gap in our coverage, not a fact about the breed.

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